Key elements of sustainable transport and urban planning——Lecture 2 Sustainable Transport-Allan Wann

Introduction

Sustainable transport is at the core of urban development and aims to meet current mobility needs while saving resources for the future. Sustainable transport is based on environmental protection principles, reduces dependence on limited resources, reduces pollution and promotes equitable use of resources. This article explores the key elements of sustainable transport, alternative modes of transport, global success stories and strategies to make urban transport more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

Definition of sustainable transport

Sustainable transport (also known as “green transport”) refers to a mode of travel that relies on renewable resources and minimizes ecological impact. According to the European Council of Ministers, sustainable systems should enhance accessibility, maintain economic accessibility and operate fairly, while protecting the health of people and ecosystems. Limiting emissions and reducing waste and noise pollution is key to supporting regional economic balance and the health of communities.

A truly sustainable transportation system that meets current needs without destroying the environment or depleting resources ensures similar opportunities for future generations.

Primary Modes of Sustainable Transport

1. Walking and cycling:
Walking and cycling are ideal choices for short, low-emission journeys. Studies show that a large proportion of journeys are made on foot within a kilometre radius, highlighting the importance of pedestrian-friendly infrastructure. In the Netherlands, for example, almost half of the population commutes by bike every day. Providing pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, such as cycle paths and dedicated footpaths, can significantly reduce car dependency in densely populated areas.

2) Public transport:
Public transport systems such as buses, trams and metros are inherently sustainable, serving large numbers of people and reducing emissions per capita. However, in countries such as the UK, most buses still run on diesel, which limits their sustainability. Investing in electric buses can improve sustainability, as the extensive public transport network in cities like London covers a large number of daily commuter journeys.

3) Electric and hybrid vehicles:
While cars are still dominant, electric and hybrid vehicles offer cleaner alternatives to traditional fossil fuel-powered cars. Many cities around the world, including China, have started promoting electric vehicles by installing charging infrastructure and creating incentives to make them a viable alternative to traditional cars.

Case Study: Globally Leading Sustainable Urban Transportation

Copenhagen is an example of sustainable urban planning. Over 60% of residents cycle and the city is on track to become carbon neutral by 2025. By prioritizing active transportation, Copenhagen shows how cities can significantly reduce their emissions.

Hong Kong’s compact design and limited space make it an ideal example of efficient public transportation. Its multimodal system – consisting of buses, ferries, trams and railways – covers about 90% of the city’s daily travel needs and shows how efficient public systems are in densely populated areas.

Portland’s MAX light rail is the centerpiece of its public transportation system and its “20-minute community” concept encourages the development of walkable communities. This success demonstrates the role that mixed-use planning and public transport integration play in creating a sustainable environment.

Singapore’s land transport master plan includes a vision of a 45-minute city that would reduce travel time and a concept for a 20-minute city that would enable citizens to reach essentials within walking distance. With extensive public transport and active mobility infrastructure, Singapore is a leader in sustainable urban transport.

Building a framework for sustainable transport

Compact city development encourages residents to opt for walking or cycling when taking short trips. For example, creating “20 minute communities” – as in Portland and Singapore – is an effective strategy to ensure easy access to essentials.

Effective sustainable transport relies on well-connected multi-mode systems. In Tokyo, a comprehensive subway and bus network makes it easy for commuters to choose public transport, reducing their dependence on cars. This integrated approach improves accessibility and reduces emissions.

Cities such as Amsterdam have promoted cycling as a primary mode of travel through infrastructure and policies. Similar measures (such as dedicated bike lanes and public education) can encourage walking and cycling, which in turn contributes to public health and environmental goals.

The transition to electric or hybrid vehicles is key to reducing emissions. Cities can support this transition by installing EV charging stations and setting up low-emission zones to accelerate the transition to cleaner modes of transport.

Counclusion