Historically, rivers and streams have played a vital role in shaping cities, serving as sources of water, routes for trade, and natural barriers for defense. However, urbanization brought significant challenges to these waterways (Knoll, Lübken, & Schott, 2017). As Varley (2024) explains, the industrialization of cities, particularly during the 19th and early 20th centuries, led Read the full article…

When designing, all designers should consider the present and future of the object being designed, especially in urban planning. Today, urban planning projects must be planned in detail for 5, 10, or 20 years. Who can really “predict” the future and plan everything accurately? The problem with the future is that it is different. We Read the full article…