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Urban Design in the Perspective of Economic Vitality: Building a Unique Urban Identity

Introduction

In Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design, Montgomery (1998) suggests that urban designers should consider people’s emotional interactions in space beyond structure and function. Designers are not only interpreters of data, but also translators of people’s needs.

In Professor Oswell’s speech, he mentioned the ‘Economic Assessment Toolkit’, which coincides with Montgomery’s viewpoint. Professor Oswell’s‘Economic Assessment Toolkit’ consists of six main aspects: Demographics, Income and Wealth, Culture and Heritage, Site and Location, Resources, and Market Potential. I’m most interested in the importance of Culture and Heritage,Site and Location in shaping community identity and contributing to economic vitality. So in this article I will explore how these two elements are intertwined with economic development to create unique cities.

Economic Vitality impact of culture and heritage

Culture and Heritage are not only aesthetic elements but also cornerstones of community identity. Pugalis (2009) in Cultural and economic vitality-the role of place quality proposes that the integration of culture and economy can enhance the competitiveness of cities, especially in the face of the homogenization trend brought about by globalization. The uniqueness of culture is an indispensable part of urban design.For example, historical landmarks, traditional architecture and local art not only give residents a sense of pride and belonging, but also attract tourists and business investment.

When culture and heritage are integrated into urban design, they generate significant economic benefits by attracting investment, tourism and creative industries. Cities such as Beijing, London, and Paris have utilized their cultural heritage to develop prosperous economic systems. Festivals, museums and cultural centers have not only created jobs, but have also contributed to urban regeneration, bringing more vibrant zones to the city.

In Newcastle, the conservation of industrial-era buildings, such as Central Station and Tyne Bridge, demonstrates how elements of history can coexist with modern innovation. These projects highlight the economic vitality brought by cultural heritage.

Economic Vitality impact of Site and Location

Geographical and economic conditions have a direct impact on the choice of design. Understanding the advantages and limitations of the site can help designers develop more realistic development plans.

In Understanding Urban Vitality from the Economic and Human Activities Perspective: A Case Study of Chongqing, China , it is written that in some projects in Chongqing, geographical limitations have actually stimulated more innovative designs, enhancing local residents’ dependence and identification with the place. The article demonstrates how to utilize the mountainous terrain features of Chongqing for innovative design, integrating architecture with the terrain.

I can cite an example here – the Liziba light rail station in Chongqing, China. This station has become a famous landmark by integrating with residential buildings and making full use of the local mountainous terrain. More than just a transport node, it symbolises an innovative design that respects the local conditions and attracts many tourists who come to take photos of it.

Figure 1:A train going out from Liziba Station, Line 2(David, 2019)

Reflection: what does a unique city look like?

A unique city will always stand out from the globalisation wave, respecting its cultural and historical heritage while giving it a distinctive appeal through site identity and design innovation. From the perspectives of Culture and Heritage and Site and Location, a unique city should find a balance between the past and the future, where economic development and social identity are mutually reinforcing.

Conclusion

As a postgraduate urban design student, I had previously associated economic viability primarily with financial constraints, but I now realize that it is also a tool, and that unique cities are not just a geographical concept, but a space with temperature and memory. They preserve history and culture while inspiring future innovation and development. Successful design is not just a combination of architecture and function, but a deep interpretation and creative expression of cultural heritage and site identity. This approach to design not only leads to economic prosperity, but also creates unforgettable experiences for residents and visitors, making the city truly unique.

List of Figures

  1. David, 2019. A train going out from Liziba Station, Line 2.

Reference

  1. Montgomery, J. ,1998. Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 3(1), 93–116.
  2. Pugalis, L., 2009. Cultural and economic vitality–the role of place quality.Town and Country Planning, 78(6), pp.281-286.
  3. Yang, F.F., Lin, G., Lei, Y., Wang, Y. and Yi, Z., 2024. Understanding Urban Vitality from the Economic and Human Activities Perspective: A Case Study of Chongqing, China. Chinese Geographical Science, 34(1), pp.52-66.

One response to “Urban Design in the Perspective of Economic Vitality: Building a Unique Urban Identity”

  1. Quoting Jan Gehl, “a liveable city is a city that is lovely to it’s people”. It felt half warm – half ironic listening to this statement, as my time exploring urban design I struggled to identify a “good enough” city that ticks off the boxes, perhaps it should be perceived more lightly as a progress checklist rather a final ones. The Economic Assessment Toolkit shared by Professor Oswell undoubtedly is eye opening to me as an architecture student. However, I struggle to not mentioned the tension and possible contradiction between the criteria. which contributes to consequences seen in certain cities today, despite each plays a crucial role in attempting urban design.

    According to my observation, an economical driven urban projects are often vulnerable to becoming the victim of capitalism in today’s context. Firstly, the 300 metre demolition of ancient house in Strada Nova to mark the beginning of mass tourism in Venice, housing to airbnb and hotels; grocery to souvenir shops, transportation to tourist attraction. By focusing on maximizing economic gain and exploiting bold local culture, Venice has given up being lovely to it’s people pursuing profit. 38:1 (tourist resident ration) in Venice, 11:1 in Barcelona and 6:1 in Santorini (Statista, 2024), the conflict of achieving equilibrium between the criteria seems to be utopia to me. It is the negotiating and prioritizing with a right mind that matters.

    “A city can die when the inhabitants themselves lose their memory and become foreigners in their own city.” (Settis, 2014)

    Elaborating on the Liziba station as mentioned in the blog, I was aware of it’s innovation that attracts oceans of tourists and I was lucky to be one of them last summer. However, the pursuit of “tourismization” has proven to commercialize / materialize the culture, (Grigo, J., & Laely, T. (2022)) which what I believe is called the “tourist trap” today which is often flooded with people for a picture. A tutor once said, “museum marks the beginning of cultural decline”, the statement has stayed with me for a long time, and I do certainly resonate with the scenario to some extent. A range of scholars and museum practitioners have questioned and critically examined processes of “patrimonialization and museumization which have resulted in reductions, even downright mutilations, of cultural heritage in the separation of material culture from its contexts, its history and origins” (Chantraine R. et al ., 2019)

    Demographic-driven approach is also reflected in the decline of Edinburgh’s church architecture. With up to 30-40% of church selling off in the next few years. Perhaps we follow the vines, closing churches to make way for more Tesco, Sainsbury’s and student accommodations, what will remain for our descendants once the cultural bank is depleted?

    Living in an economy-driven era today, it is hard to resist prioritizing profit in every intervention. However, as a designer I aspire to be the resistance of becoming the victim of monetization. Analysis and survey are undoubtedly crucial for staying relevant, but I believe architecture, or any design, should be radical in the sense of shaping or inaugurating a new vernacular. It’s important not to be blinded by trends or profit; instead design should be sensual and balanced. Learning from Ruskin, to lay a stone where our descendant will thank us and be proud of us for, and to make tomorrow a little bit better than today.

    References

    1.Joseph Rykwert, 1982. “ The Necessity of Artiface: Learning from the Street” pg 102-113
    2.Settis, S. (2016). If Venice dies. New Vessel Press.
    3.Grigo, J., & Laely, T. (2022). Attempts to decolonize knowledge production in museum practice. Recherches Sociologiques Et Anthropologiques, 53–2, 119–151. https://doi.org/10.4000/rsa.5709
    4.Alvarez Cl., 2001 Recapturing Worlds. The Original Multiversity Proposal ,
    5.http://vlal.bol.ucla.edu/multiversity/Right_menu_items/Claude_proposal.htm
    6.McDonagh, M. (2024, June 7). Scotland’s religious collapse. The Spectator. 
    https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/scotlands-religious-collapse/

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  1. Quoting Jan Gehl, “a liveable city is a city that is lovely to it’s people”. It felt half warm – half ironic listening to this statement, as my time exploring urban design I struggled to identify a “good enough” city that ticks off the boxes, perhaps it should be perceived more lightly as a progress checklist rather a final ones. The Economic Assessment Toolkit shared by Professor Oswell undoubtedly is eye opening to me as an architecture student. However, I struggle to not mentioned the tension and possible contradiction between the criteria. which contributes to consequences seen in certain cities today, despite each plays a crucial role in attempting urban design.

    According to my observation, an economical driven urban projects are often vulnerable to becoming the victim of capitalism in today’s context. Firstly, the 300 metre demolition of ancient house in Strada Nova to mark the beginning of mass tourism in Venice, housing to airbnb and hotels; grocery to souvenir shops, transportation to tourist attraction. By focusing on maximizing economic gain and exploiting bold local culture, Venice has given up being lovely to it’s people pursuing profit. 38:1 (tourist resident ration) in Venice, 11:1 in Barcelona and 6:1 in Santorini (Statista, 2024), the conflict of achieving equilibrium between the criteria seems to be utopia to me. It is the negotiating and prioritizing with a right mind that matters.

    “A city can die when the inhabitants themselves lose their memory and become foreigners in their own city.” (Settis, 2014)

    Elaborating on the Liziba station as mentioned in the blog, I was aware of it’s innovation that attracts oceans of tourists and I was lucky to be one of them last summer. However, the pursuit of “tourismization” has proven to commercialize / materialize the culture, (Grigo, J., & Laely, T. (2022)) which what I believe is called the “tourist trap” today which is often flooded with people for a picture. A tutor once said, “museum marks the beginning of cultural decline”, the statement has stayed with me for a long time, and I do certainly resonate with the scenario to some extent. A range of scholars and museum practitioners have questioned and critically examined processes of “patrimonialization and museumization which have resulted in reductions, even downright mutilations, of cultural heritage in the separation of material culture from its contexts, its history and origins” (Chantraine R. et al ., 2019)

    Demographic-driven approach is also reflected in the decline of Edinburgh’s church architecture. With up to 30-40% of church selling off in the next few years. Perhaps we follow the vines, closing churches to make way for more Tesco, Sainsbury’s and student accommodations, what will remain for our descendants once the cultural bank is depleted?

    Living in an economy-driven era today, it is hard to resist prioritizing profit in every intervention. However, as a designer I aspire to be the resistance of becoming the victim of monetization. Analysis and survey are undoubtedly crucial for staying relevant, but I believe architecture, or any design, should be radical in the sense of shaping or inaugurating a new vernacular. It’s important not to be blinded by trends or profit; instead design should be sensual and balanced. Learning from Ruskin, to lay a stone where our descendant will thank us and be proud of us for, and to make tomorrow a little bit better than today.

    References

    1.Joseph Rykwert, 1982. “ The Necessity of Artiface: Learning from the Street” pg 102-113
    2.Settis, S. (2016). If Venice dies. New Vessel Press.
    3.Grigo, J., & Laely, T. (2022). Attempts to decolonize knowledge production in museum practice. Recherches Sociologiques Et Anthropologiques, 53–2, 119–151. https://doi.org/10.4000/rsa.5709
    4.Alvarez Cl., 2001 Recapturing Worlds. The Original Multiversity Proposal ,
    5.http://vlal.bol.ucla.edu/multiversity/Right_menu_items/Claude_proposal.htm
    6.McDonagh, M. (2024, June 7). Scotland’s religious collapse. The Spectator. 
    https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/scotlands-religious-collapse/

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School of Architecture
Planning and Landscape
Newcastle upon Tyne
Tyne and Wear, NE1 7RU

Telephone: 0191 208 6509

Email: nicola.rutherford@ncl.ac.uk